The best means for comparing different energy sources (thermal, electrical, nuclear, etc) is to use a measurement of the amount of energy produced per quantity of material, in standard units. While we recognize that there are many important factors between the burning of gasoline and its use in the internal combustion engine, or between the generation of electrons in an electrode and a battery pack, the most basic comparison starts where the science of those two delivery systems begins: with the energy inherent in their active materials.

Tests of PARITY^™ materials were conducted at two independent testing laboratories: the Battery Innovation Center and NEI, Inc., in multiple cells and cell formats. The data shown was acquired at room temperature and a rate of C/20. Energy density is given as measured for primary cell discharge, in units of Watt hours per kilogram of PARITY^™ active material.

Energy density numbers for comparison battery materials are also given in Whr/kg of active material. They were calculated from published experimental data on material capacities in mAhr/g, and multiplied by 3.7V for full cell operation to convert to Whr/kg.